Brits love to be outside and walking. It is one of the things we enjoy most about living here and would never want to go back to car culture. We walk everywhere. Our favorite walking days are Saturdays, strolling to the grocery store, then to the butcher and the baker -- and all nearby where we live, making a four mile jaunt in all, and with much needed good exercise and community building. Later that evening, we take a walk to the local pub for a drink with friends. Some of our friends are even ramblers -- for more on them, click here.
Still, while there is a love of walking here, there is less a love of walking orderly. Give me a few minutes and you will understand what I mean.
I have given serious years of my life trying to sort out the rules for walking in the UK. I have always intuitively felt that somehow figuring out these rules would be a window into the social psychology of the UK. It might. Let’s see. But it’s probably also that I am a grumpy middle-aged guy who cannot enjoy a good walk without being annoyed. I am even happier if the cause of my misery can be blamed on others!
First, let’s get the issue of queuing versus walking out of the way. Standing in a line is not the same as walking down the street. Simple enough. Brits queue perfectly. For a brilliant and fun BBC article on queuing, click here.
The same perfection cannot be said for walking, be it down a crowded city street or along some rambling country path. How Brits walk is not dependent upon the number of people walking. I have watched two Brits on a country path, out in the middle of nowhere and with not a single other person in sight, walk straight into each other. No, these rules apply almost everywhere, be it in the South or up in the North.
And, sorry, but these have little to do with narrow sidewalks or living in small towns. These rules are entirely cultural! Sort of like road rage in the States. It's a state of mind! :)
Here, then, is my summary of the rules for walking in the UK.
RULE 1: When it comes to walking in the UK, there is no rule, . . . until there is one.
Most people in the UK walk about unaware or unconcerned. There is no staying to the left, as one does while driving, nor is there any crowd behaviour such that people will mostly follow a direction of travel. People in the UK simply walk where and how they please. Case in point: in train stations, with stairs and hallways clearly marking a direction of travel, most people walk oblivious.
Until, suddenly, there is a rule. When and how it emerges in entirely self-organizing and consistently contradictory. The only way one knows it is when, maddeningly, one finds oneself on the opposite end of the rule, with a polite grimace or snubbing quick to follow. For example, you might think walking on the left is correct as that is the side for driving and biking. But, it does not really work that way, unfortunately. One minute it’s the right then the next minute the left — fifty people in front of you all go the wrong way, you follow, but only to be suddenly corrected. Can’t you see there is clearly a rule for walking?
Another example. My wife and I are attempting to cross the street. The light is red for cars. We start to cross, but as we do, one of the cars decides to move up slightly, making us have to go around the back of the car. My wife gestures her hand in that "what the heck?" motion, to which the driver, an aggressive male, rolls down his window and asks us if we have a problem. Yes, we do, you are in the walking lane. What rule says that a car is allowed in the pedestrian crossing? And how did it suddenly emerge?
Another example. I was riding my bike in the bike lane over a foot/bike bridge where I live with two clear lanes: a wide lane walking (see picture) and the narrow lane for bikes. A rather posh person was in the biking lane with their two dogs. I started ringing my bike bell well in advance! Three bikers were behind me and one was coming the other way, and with all of us in the bike lane as the walking lane was filled. The person walking unawares suddenly turned around, angrily, and said, "This is a foot bridge!" and with that, chaos!!!!, the bicyclists behind me veered into the other pedestrians . . . crash! Again, where is the rule that a walking/biking bridge (with a clearly identified bike lane) means one is allowed to walk in the bike lane?
What is the take-away from Rule1? Walking in the UK is not a brilliant ballet of crowd behaviour, as one sees in Rome or Hong Kong, or some river-like flow of pedestrian traffic, as one sees in Amsterdam or Chennai. Quite the opposite. The result is more akin to a bumper car approach to walking, with everyone weaving and darting around each other and with collisions and pileups a continual occurrence and with the rules not followed . . . until suddenly so.
But that is not the end of the rules. The more I thought about it, there are two additional rules that help explain the paradox of RULE 1.
RULE 2: When walking, if one is the cause of a collision, one of three options are available: ignore it, say sorry, or blame it on someone else.
RULE 2 is a a bit tricky, as people engage in these three responses in several different combinations. I have identified three, but there might be more.The three I have identified are the Unawares, Accommodators, and Selfish.
Based on my ethnographic research over the past five years, the most common are the Unawares, which constitute about 50% of the population. They are simply not paying attention, lost in their own public travelog. And if you alert them to that fact, they look at you with blank eyes, confusion, fear or sudden embarrassment, and will either continue on or adjust accordingly -- that is, ignoring the whole thing!!!! -- or they will give a quick “Sorry”.
What is also odd about this style is that they are pleasantly surprised if you give way to them, and will say “Thanks” as if you did them a favour, when in reality, you simply decided it was not worth crashing into them. All of which leads me to think, "Are they really aware and just not caring?" And this truly is a UK thing. I have watched folks in many other countries, head-down in their iPhone, walking full-steam and apparently oblivious to everything around them, do a ballet of simply adjusting over and over again, and without ever picking up their heads and with nobody running into each other -- all of which has led me to conclude that the UK unawareness-while-walking thing is entirely cultural.
The second most common enactment of RULE 2 are the Accommodators, and here we are talking about 40% of pedestrians. These are your reasonable caring people who walk with awareness everywhere they are, no matter the country. They are British politeness at its best. Being Accommodators, these folks generally try to follow the rules – walking on the left in the UK when possible or, if not, aligning themselves with the flow of pedestrian traffic. But here is the problem. Some Accommodators, as the name suggests, are too accommodating and too polite. All of which sets up the problem that comes about with the third type, the Selfish.
The third and most obnoxious enactment of RULE 2 are the Selfish, at about 10%. These folks do as they please -- which is particularly obnoxious in a society such as the UK where everyone is hell-bent on avoiding conflict.
I could be wrong, but as my previous examples hint at, there seems to be a social class component to this third type, with posh folks often thinking they have the right of way and with them not too worried about the conflict or collision it causes elsewhere. Social class is everything in the UK. There is also a gender component, often with lads and aggressive males not caring about getting in anyone else's way or thinking it’s funny -- as with the male driver in the crossing lane I mentioned above.
Case in point: you are walking with the flow of traffic on a typical British street that is far too narrow, requiring everyone to walk single file. Everything is going smoothly, with the majority of folks simply making way for each other. Suddenly, coming the opposite way is a posh couple walking hand-in-hand or a group of lads. Be they the posh couple or a group of toxic males, they will not move over, and will not switch to single file, all the while staring right at you. Everyone else – be they Unawares or Accommodators – are once again pouring into oncoming traffic or colliding into one another to give them way. The Selfish enactment of RULE 2 is clearly an example of taking advantage of British kindness. Which takes us to RULE 3.
RULE 3: Both Rules 1 and 2 can be explained by a potential super-ordinate rule: the goal of public life is to keep the peace; even in the face of those disturbing the peace.
Outlining this rule is tricky, because it is, at once, what is great but also frustrating about the social psychology of public life in the UK.
On the positive side, it is what makes living here, particularly in the countryside and small towns and cities, so homey, congenial and pleasant. It truly is a great thing about the UK. People are keen not to disturb the peace and Brits, as a society, enjoy being together, including participating in one of the great things of UK culture -- Pub and Café life. The only other comparison, for me, is bistro life in Southern France or cafe culture in Italy or Greece. As a counter-point, the UK desire to uphold the peace stands in direct contrast to the States, where disturbing the peace is promoted in public life. In fact, it's become, in the last several years, the name of the game.
As such, being seen in the UK as a disturber of the peace is not cool at all. But that takes us to the downside. For example, as we will see in a moment, certain groups of Brits, as in the case of the Posh Selfish or Toxic Male Selfish, are quite content to disturb the peace to get what they want, which, given the role of social class and gender in the UK, is tolerated by everyone else on a regular basis under the heading of the rest of us 'not disturbing the peace.' Giving one the sense that, while we are talking about social psychology here, there might be wider sociological insights.
To repeat a point: as with RULE 2, the third rule is enacted in three different ways, based on our three types: the Unawares, Accommodators, and Selfish. For Unawares, the peace need never be disturbed. They do not seem worried about what they or others are doing. They are just doing their own thing. Given their approach to keeping the peace, Unawares are confused when they are challenged; and are discombobulated if they see you disturbing the peace by challenging them or anyone else for walking into each other. Doing either puts them in a tizzy. They truly respond with confusion and concern. They cannot figure out why you are so upset. Why are you disturbing the peace? The conflict ensuing is to be avoided at all cost. This explains very well why, even if the rule of walking on the left is broken, you, the person saying something, is seen as ruder than those walking the wrong way! Simply put: you are disturbing the peace!
The same is true of Accommodators. They are trying to keep the peace by adjusting the rules to avoid conflict. They also do not like those making a fuss by calling out the error, as it violates Rule 3 of keeping the peace, even when the Unawares and Selfish are clearly wrong.
Then, again, there are those that do challenge things, but only indirectly and only rarely outright. These are (sometimes) the slightly assertive Accommodators who have finally had enough and are willing to slightly disturb the peace. For example, in the case of the Selfish male pulling his car into the crossing lane, he cannot believe anyone would challenge him, as he is used to getting what he wants. In response, he yells at others to intimidate them. And this is not anecdotal. There are have been, for example, numerous reports on the verbal abuse and even assault that women and non-binary and gender non-conforming people experience bicycling in London. See, for example, this study by the London Cycling Campaign. In short, the Selfish do not like being challenged, but more important, they do not like to be publicly corrected. If they are corrected in public, they often get indignant or rude. Temper Tantrums can ensue. Or worse, serious aggressiveness.
All of which takes us to a sense of how this all goes together.
Is walking a window into UK society?
So, is there something to learn from this bit of sociology of everyday life in the UK? Or am I just grumpy? Well, in terms of being grumpy, YES! 😅 There is a part of my social psychology that is really about me not yet learning how to keep the peace and enjoy the day.
Putting this together at the social psychological level, what
often explains Rule 1 and why, suddenly, a rule will emerge from nothing is that, in an effort to not
disturb the peace, contradictory rules (or suddenly the actual rule that is correct) will emerge to avoid
conflict. Everyone is walking the wrong way, be they the Unawares, Accommodators, or Selfish; you say something; everyone gets upset with you and are looking at you as if to ask, "Why are you doing this? What does it
matter? You are disturbing the peace? Just go with the flow.”
Again, there is a positive and negative side to this social psychology -- or, at least that is how this one sociologist sees it. On the positive side, the social psychology of walking in public life helps to create a pastoral, homey
public life. The Selfish aside (who exist in every society in one form or another), the UK focus on keeping the peace means that, in general, there is no daily outrage, no real aggression and nobody yelling! In an otherwise often troubled world, this is worth pausing to appreciate. And to repeat a point, it is one of the things we absolutely love about living in the UK -- the gentleness of daily life. As a point of contrast, it is not like the States where people are at each other constantly, bipartisan and failing to get along, or worse. Living in the North of England, in particular, is homey and peaceful. People are kind and, even when all of the "bumper-car collisions" of walking is going on, people do not get too upset about it all. They just keep calm and carry on, as cliche as that sounds. They seem much more concerned with trying to enjoying the day (or at least keeping it somewhat peacefully moving) than ruining it because someone walked into them. It is so much easier to be kind and never mind.
There is a lot to learn here.
But, on the downside, it also allows uncaring and selfish
people to get away with public behaviour. Would it be so terrible if the Selfish took advantage of British kindness a little less often then they presently do? And, apologies, but perhaps we Accommodators could be a bit more assertive and ask others to take us into consideration as much as we do them? And maybe the Unawares could be a little more aware?
Maybe, but probably not, . . .
As I conclude this post I cannot help but hear in the background Pink Floyd's song, 'Time'.
Hanging on in quiet desperation is the English way.
The time is gone, the song is over, thought I'd something more to say.